Bake-oven.



. Patented Nov. 27, |900.. .L l. MARSHALL & J. FAULDS.

6 Sheeis-$heet l.l

BAKE DVEN.

(Application filed Har. 11, 1899.)

. (No Model.)

MKM/65' s 66 No. 662,874.1 Patented'mv. 2.7',l i900.

J.l I. MARSHALL 8L J.- FAULDS. BAKE OVEN.

(Application iled Mar. 11, 1899,) 'l 4 (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 662,874. Patented Nav. 27, |900. .1. l. MARSHALL @L J. FAuLns.

B A K E 0 V E N (Application led Mar. 1 1,4 18 99.)

s sheets-sheet a.

(No Model.)

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No. 662,874. Patented Nov. 27, |900. J. l. MARSHALL &. J. FAULDS.

` BAKE OVEN.

(Application filed Mar. 11, 1899.) (N0 Modele sheets-sheet 5.

No. 662,874. Patented Nov. 27, mob. .1. i. MARSHALL &`.|. FAuLns. JBAKE VEN.

. (Applicaeim sled mr. 11, 1899.1 (No Model.; 6 Sheng-Sheet 6.

Fig. 5 is a sectional View on the line 5 5 ofV Fig. l. Figs. v6 and 7 are details in perspeclnirrnn drains Farrar triton.

JOHN I. MARSHALL AND JOHN FAULDS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

eaurnovln.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 662,874, dated November 27, 1900.

Application filed March ll, 1899- SBI'al N0. 708,783. (N0 model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN I. MARSHALL, a citizen of the United States,and JOHN FAULDS, a citizen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and residents of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented cer tain new and useful Improvements in Bake- Ovens, of which the following is a specification, and which are fully illustrated in the ac- The invention consists in the parts and ar` rangement of parts, as hereinafter fully described, and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a central longitudinal vertical section of the oven. Fig. 2 is a plan section on the line2 2 'of Fig. '1.' Fig. 3 is a sectional View on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the lines 4 4 of Figs'. 2 and 3.

tive of certain tiles used in the construction of the oven. Fig. S is a sectional view on the line 8 8 of Fig. l. Fig. 9 is a similar view, Fig. 1 showing a modified construction. Fig. 10 is an elevation of the furnace-front. Fig. ll is a sectional View on the broken line ll ll of Fig. l0. Fig. 12 is a sectional View on the line l2 l2 of Fig. l0. Fig. 13 is adetail plan section on the plane of the grate. Fig. 14 is a detail section on the line 14 14 of Fig. 13; and Fig. l5 is a detail section on the line l5 l5 of Fig. ll, Figs. 10 to l5 being drawn to a larger scale than the remaining figures.

Hereto'fore continuous baking portable ovens have in practice invariably been made mainly of metal. Unsuccessful efforts have been made to utilize tiling in the construction of the walls; but the loss of heat by radiation, together with the diflculty of properly distributing the heat to the interior of the oven, have made them failures. We believe we are the first to build the walls of an oven of this type of hollow tiling, utilizing some of the chambers of the walls as smoke flues for carrying the heat to the parts of the oven, so as to properly distribute it, and using the remaining wall chambers as deadair spaces to prevent loss by conduction and radiation. The advantage of this construction is found largely in the fact that tiling is far superior to metal in conserving the heat, thereby avoiding fluctuations of temperature due to variations in the intensity of the re. By the use of the hollow tiling in the walls we are able to secure at once the advantages of proper distribution of heat, theconservation of heat so desirable in such ovens, and the protection against loss by radiation, While avoiding complications in construction and consequent increased cost.

The oven is provided with a furnace A, which opens directly into a commodious Hue D, above which there is located an oven B, a second oven C being added, if desired. When two baking-chambers B C are used, the line of draft is traced as followszfrom the vlinechainber D upwardly through lines F at the rearward end thereof to fines-spaces e, lead ing forwardly immediately above the oven B to a transverse flue-space e at the forward end of the oven, thence to a Vertical due e2 and backwardly through flues e3 at the sides of the chambers B C to vertical liues e4 at the rearward corners of the oven, and again to the forward end of the oven through fluespaces e5, over the top of the chamber C, and thence to a chimney-flue e6, thereby entirely` surrounding the baking chambers with smoke-fines except at their forward ends.

W hen but a single baking-chamber is used,

as shown in Fig. 9, the chimney-flue is located at the rearward end of the oven, and the draft is directly from the side returnflues e3 thereto.

The extreme outer shell F of the oven is preferably of sheet metal, the several plates being secured together by means of anglebarsfand the corners of the oven being bound by similarangle-bars g, those at the bottom loo" angles resting,if desired, upon suitable chairs or feet f. The bottom of the oven is of solid tiling G, supported by the angle-bars g and by cross T-rails g'. The inner side walls of the oven are formed of hollow tiles H h. The lowest course of these tiles 7?, forms the side walls of the flue-chamber D, which is of the same area in cross-section on horizontal plane as the chamber B and within which is located the furnace A. The tiles h are oblong rectangular in cross-section and rest upon one of their side edges-that is to say, their iiuespaces extend horizontally.` These tiles are provided with a vertical partition h', separating their interiors into inner and outer chambers, and for the purpose of securing added strength a web h2 is thrown across these chambers. The outer face of each of these tiles is preferably hollowed, the simpler form of construction being to make it concave, as shown. The upper courses H H of the hollow tiling forming the side walls are similar in form to the tiling h, except that along their lower inner angles they are rabbeted so as to receive the solid tiling K, forming the floor of the chamber B, and the hollow tiling M, forming the roof of this chamber and the floor of the chamber C. The tiling K is supported by the tile h and cross-bars 7c, resting thereupon. The tiling` M and similar tiling M', forming the roof of the chamber C, are carried by the tiles H H and by suitable cross T-beams m, which are preferably entirely inclosed by the tiles M M, the stem portion of these bars being located between adjacent tiles and the cross portion fitting within suitable recesses in their adjacent faces, one of the tiles being provided with a projecting lip m/ to cover the cross member of the bar. Like, the tile h the tiles H have their outer faces hollowed, and the front and rear inner walls of the oven are built of the same form of tiling, having the same hollowed outer faces.

Between the outer shell F and the inner walls of the oven there is interposed a filling J, consisting, preferably, of a plurality of sheets of asbestos, this filling lying against the margins of the outer faces of the tiling, so that a dead-air space is inclosed between each tile and the asbestos.

The rearward wall of the flue-space D is formed of tiles H of the same style as the tile h, but standing on end. The inner face of these tiles, however, is broken out, as shown at hin Fig. 7 and elsewhere. The rearward walls of the chambers B C are also made of these tiles h standing on end, but without the mutilation shown in the tile H. The rearward tile K of the floor of the chamber B rests upon the forwardly-extended flanges h3 of the tile EU, a flue-space being left behind them in register with the forward chamber of the tile 77 forming the rear wall of the chamber B. A piece of solid tile or brick h4 is placed upon the top of the tiling H to sup- Vof the tile 0.

port the outer portion of the tile h at the' back of the oven, and a similar piece of brick is placed upon the upper end of these tiles h.

The tiles M, forming the roof of the chamber B, are oblong rectangular in form and are hollow,'so as to form the dues e, these iiues extending, as already stated, from the rear to the front of the oven. The rearward course of the tiles M overlap theinner chamber of the tiles 7L, forming the rearward wall of thechamber, and in order to connect the flues E with the iues e the lower wall of the tile forming this course is cut away, as plainly shown in Fig. 1.

The front wall of the oven-chamber B consists of a tile O, identical in form with the tile H, but overturned, so that its rabbeted portion is across its upper and inner angle. The forward course of the tiling M terminates in line with the inner face of the inner wall The front wall of the ovenchamber C consists of tiling O' identical in form with the tiling O, and resting upon the latter. By this construction it will be seen that the forward cross-flue e' is formed, Figs. l and 4L, which iiue is in communication entirely across the front of the oven with the flue-passages e.

At each corner of the oven, immediately at the side of the front wall formed of the tiling O O', as already described, there is built up upon the lower course h of the inner side walls an L-shaped column P P, the inner angles of which form the vertical tine-spaces e2, which are open to the cross-line e and to the 'return-fines e3, the latter being the inner chamber of the tiling H, forming the side walls of the oven-chambers B C, so that the smoke issuing from the cross-flue e' may return through either the upper or lower or both of the side flues e3. As the natural course of the draft will be through the upper of these side flues and as it may not always be desired to use the upper oven, we place a simple flat damper Q in the vertical flues e2,

controlling the same by means of a rock-spindle q, projecting forwardly through the front wall of the oven and by means of which communication between the cross-flue e2 and the upper return-lines e3 may be entirely cut off.

The rearward wall of the oven-chamber C is formed of tiling h, like the side walls ofthe chamber D. A course of solid tile h4, of the same form as the similar courses laid across the outer portions and on top of the rearward walls of the flue-space D of the ovenchamber B, is laid across the rearward wall of the oven-chamber O. The roof of the ovenchamber C is composed of hollow tile M' of the same form as the tiling M, the rearward end of this roof resting upon the inner wall of the tiling 7L, so that a cross-flue is formed between the rearward end of this roof and the solid tile h4 last referred to, which crossiiue is in connection with the side flues e3 through a vertical corner flue in the same IOO IIO

. sequent spreading of the arch a.

manner as the vertical dues e2 at the front of the oven. The fines e5 open to a similar cross-due at the forward end of the oven formed by the rabbeted portion of the tiling O, and from this cross-liuc e6 the chimneyflue e7 opens. The top of the rearward crossline eL is covered by a course of ordinary brick h5, and the forward cross-flue connecting the tlues e5 and e6 is similarly covered.

A layer of filling material R, either of mineral wool or asbestos, is interposed between the tile M' or M (when but one of the bakingchambers is used) and the top of the outer casing F. p

W'e show at S the furnace-door, at T the doorof the oven-chamber B, and at U the door of the oven-chamber C. There is nothing novel about the two last appurtenances of the oven, and we have not deemed it necessary to illustrate or describe in detail the arrangement of the tiling for the accommodation of the openings to the oven, inasmuch as the arrangement of these features can be easily provided for by the artisan who constructs the oven.

It will be seen that as to the nue-chamber D, into which the vapors of combustion are discharged from the furnace, we have the advantage of not only very thick walls, but of triple dead-air spaces, and as to the walls through which the dues pass there are two dead-air spaces outside of the dues, so that the loss of heat by conduction is very small.

While we have shown the outer casing to be of metal, there is no reason why it may not be of masonry, if the user prefers.

The furnace A, preferably used in connection with the oven, consists of the grate-bars d and the inclosing arch ct of tile. The front ends of the grate-bars are carried by a chair 20, resting upon the side walls of the ashbox, their rearward ends being carried by the rearward wall 22 of the ash-box. The arch al rests upon a pair of angle-bars 23,' the forward ends of which are supported by the side walls 2l of the ash-box and suitable lugs 24E 25, attached thereto, the outer lugs 25 being shown as bolted to the wall 21 to obviate the practical difficulty of casting and as having upstanding lugs 2G to prevent the upward lateral movement of the bars 23 and the con- The arch a' is extended backward a suitable distance beyond the grate-surface a for the purpose of forming a retort-flue, the supporting-bars 23 being prolonged in order to carry it, their rearward ends being supported by suitable piers 27. The floor a2 of the combustion-flue thus formed is of flat tiling and supported by the bars 23. This combustion-flue opens directly into the heating-chamber D of the oven and its arch of massive tiling` serves to conserve the heat and maintain the necessary high temperature essential to complete combustion of vapors distilled from the fuel, thereby promoting economy in fuel consumption andthe steadiness of temperature within the chamber D.

The furnace-front is formed with a deep reveal, its frame comprising the side plates 28, which have at their inner edges instanding flanges 29, each provided with a pair of hinge-lugs 30. The top of the frame consists of a similar plate 3l, having a 'depending Harige 32 at its rearward edge. The furnacefront proper, 33, fits within the flanges 29 32 and is provided with hinge-lugs 34, a pair projecting beyond each of its side edges to cooperate with the hinge-lugs 30, with which they are united by pintles 35, thus holding the front 33 securely iu place, but allowing it to be swung upon hinges in either direction by simply removing the pintles 35 at one side or to be entirely removed by iirst taking out all of the pintles.

The front plate 33 is provided with a feeddoor 36 for the admission of fuel and an ashpit door 37, which has a suitable damper 38 for the admission of air.

A shield or screen-door 39 is hinged across the furnace-front in the plane of the front of the oven, as shown at 40, and this door may be made of sheet metal and may be hollow and packed with mineral wool or similar material and is provided with a damper atl for the admission of air. The office of this outer screen is to protect the baker from the extreme heat when at his work.

It will be seen that this arrangement of furnace and furnace-front provides for easy access to the interior of the oven for the purpose of repair, it being necessar)7 only to swing open or entirely remove the front plate 33 and then take out the arch d and the grate-bars,

thus providing ample space for entry into the chamber D.

We claim as our invention-- l. A bake-oven having its walls and bakingchamber ceiling formed of hollow tiles arranged so that their chambers form smokeflues leading upwardly at the back ofthe oven, forwardly through the baking-chamber ceiling, and backwardly through side walls of the baking-chamber. n

2. A bake-oven havingits walls and bakingchamber ceiling formed of hollow tiles arranged to constitute smoke flues running through an end, and the sides and the ceiling of the baking-chamber.

3. A bake-oven having its walls formed of hollow tiles having inner and outer chambers, such tiles being so arranged that the inner cham bers of certain of them constitute smokeflues, the outer chambers of the tiles forming dead-air spaces.

4. A bake-oven having its walls formed of hollow tiles having inner and outer chambers, their outer faces being concave, such tiles being so arranged that the inner chambers of certain of them constitute smoke-fines, the outer chambers of the tiles forming dead-air spaces.

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5. In abake-oven, in oombination, a heatthe grate and extending back thereof to forni ing-chamber, and a furnace located within a combustion-fine, and a Hoor for such flue. lo' Such chamber and comprising an ash-box, a t grate supported thereby, a pair' of bars sup- SSHALL' 5 ported by the side Walls of the ash-box and v extending back of such box and having an Witnesses: upstanding ange at their outer edges, an LOUIS K. GILLSON, arch carried by such bars5 such arch inolosing I-IESTER B. BAIRD. 

